Package of Goods
Most of the goods, in international trade, need packing. Packing is the continuation of goods production. Only when goods are packed, can they enter their circulation realm and realize their values and use values. Packing can keep the goods safe and complete and prevent loss and leakage in their whole circulation, and it can raise their values, too. Therefore, packing clause must be definitely stipulated in the contract by the two contracting parties on the part of goods which need packing. Packing clause is one of the important clauses in a deal.
Function of packing
Function of packing is embodied in the whole circulation in which goods are kept in intact and their numbers complete. Function of packing is also embodied in their convenience storage, safeguard, transportation, loading and unloading, and measurement. Solid packing can prevent goods from theft, thus reducing their unnecessary loss. Reasonable packing can cut down shipping space, thus saving transportation expenses. Sales packing is favorable to consumers’ choice and suits the consumers’ convenience in taking them along. Sales packing can beautify the goods, attract customers, enlarge their sale and increase foreign exchange income. Moreover, packing of commodity, to a certain extent, reflects the economical, technological as well as cultural and artistical level a country has reached.
Demands on the packing of China’s export goods
In order to meet the needs of China’s foreign trade development, have a good command of the latest achievements in the science of packing, and make the packing of our export goods solid, economical, beautiful, and scientific, thus enlarging the marketability of our goods and increasing our foreign exchange income, we have to pay attention to the following points:
1. Greatly reinforce the research on packing materials, packing containers, and packing methods, of the goods. In doing research, we should think highly of china’s long experience in packing on the one hand and learn conscientiously from foreign counties on the other . Proceeding from China’s actual conditions we shall constantly improve the packing of China’s export commodities.
2. Care must be taken to study the characteristics of packing, the development tendency, and the laws concerned in the world market, and strive to adapt our export goods to the demand of international market and the desire of consumers so that we can enlarge our sales of goods internationally.
3. Strengthen the research on tasteful packing and technological design. Enthusiastically bring forth new ideas, and constantly elevate our artistic level in this realm.
4. Speed up China’s mechanization and standardization in the packing of export commodities.Only by so doing, can we effectively increase our productivity, elevate our packing quality, cut down costs, and save materials. Only when we succeed in realizing the standardization of packing, unifying packing materials, unifying specifications, unifying capacities and unifying packing methods, can we find the easy way to measure, identify, load and unload goods, so as to speed up the sale.
5. If possible, measured introduction of foreign advanced technology is indispensable, the ultimate goal of which, of course, is to manufacture advanced and high-ranking packing materials of our own to meet the needs of the world market.
Varieties of packing
Goods in international trade are very diversified. In terms of packing , they can be classified into three categories: nuded cargo, bulk cargo and packed cargo. Nuded cargo refers to the goods the quality of which is stable and is not easily affected by the outside conditions. They are the goods which can be measured by piece and are difficult or unnecessary to pack, such as steels, ingot lead, wood and rubber. Bulk cargo, or cargo in bulk, refers to the goods which are loaded in bulk such as petrol or gasoline, grain, and cement. They need bulk transportation but they do not need specifically-designed packing. After nuded cargo and cargo in bulk comes packed cargo, which can be subdivided into transport packing and sales packing.
Transport packing: There are two kinds of transport packing. One is single-piece transport packing, and the other is collective transport packing. Single-piece transport packing primarily refers to the cargo which needs to be packed by single unit during transport process, and it can still be subdivided into two groups: One is mainly talking about the final shape after the goods are packed, such as cases, drums, bags, bales and bundles; and the other cares more about the packing materials being used, such as carton, wooden cases, iron drums, wooden casks, plastic casks, paper bags, gunny bags, and plastic bags. Collective transport packing is to pack a number of single-piece packed goods altogether and load them in a large box designed for transportation, which could either be container supplied by the shipping agency, or a pallet. The sizes of container recently used internationally are as follows:
Of the above-mentioned sizes of container, the two sizes in most common use are 8×8×20 feet and 8×8×40 feet. There is a variety of containers. They are respectively named as :
1. Dry container, which is good for loading general cargoes.
2. Reefer container, which is equipped with freezers, and its temperature can be regulated from +20℃ to -28℃.
3. Flat rack container, which has no lid or does not have the two flanks so that goods can be loaded very easily from the two sides.
4. Open top container, which has no lid, and goods can be easily loaded or unloaded by lifting machines from above. This kind of container is good for super-long goods.
5. Pen container, the flanks of which are usually netted with wire and it is convenient for ventilation and carrying live-stock.
6. Tank container, which is good for loading liquid cargo such petroleum.
7. Platform container, which is convenient for loading and unloading super-long cargoes over 6 meters in length and over 40 metric tons in weight.
8. Bulk container, which has two or three hold-mouths at the top for loading and unloading and is equipped with an lifting structure at the bottom which can help loading and unloading.
Pallet, in collective transport packing, is portable platform for storing or moving cargoes. Pallet is made on specific sizes for storage of single-piece cargoes and it is very convenient for loading and unloading with machines in the process of transportation. Pallet is largely made of wood. Also is made of plastic, glass fibre or metal. In addition to single-deck pallets there are double-deck pallets. Usually there are three kinds: flat pallets, box pallets and post pallets. In order to facilitate international transportation, the international Standard Organization(ISO) has stipulated the following standards for double-deck pallets and larger pallets:
Flexible container, or flexible freight container, in collective transport packing , is a kind of transport packing bag made of synthetic fibre or some other compound materials with plastic film as liner. Flexible container is of various capacities. Usually a container will be able to hold 0.5-13 tons of cargo. Some can be used only once, and others twice. Some are cylindrical, and others square in form. Flexible container is good for food-stuff such as flour, sugar,starch,salt, rice,corn, and beans, etc. It is also good for minerals such as cement, gypsum and silicon, etc., or chemicals such as fertilizer, soda ash, lime and dye-stuffs, etc.
Besides transport packing , we have sales packing . Sales packing is also called consumer packing. Sales packing is generally designed for the sake of beautifying, introducing, and advertising the goods as well as protecting the goods against temperature, moisture and oxide, which may cause damage to their qualities. Examples of sales packing are as follows:
1. Transparent packing
2. Gift packing
3. Set packing
4. Waterproof packing
5. Water vapour packing
6. rustproof packing
7. Mouldproof packing
8. Insect-resistant packing
Transport package shipping mark
Transport package shipping mark, also called shipping mark or mark, is generally made up of a few simple geometric figures, letters, numbers or words. In most cases, it is written or pressed on top or sides of the container being shipped, and it is so designed that the consigner or the consignee can identify the goods easily. Shipping mark used for domestic market includes name and number of the commodity, specifications, colour, gross weight, net weight, volume, manufacture, consigner and consignee, etc. Shipping mark for the goods to be sold abroad includes name of the destination or its code, code names of the consigner and consignee, number and volume of the goods, weight, and manufacture, etc. The purpose of using shipping mark is for easy identification, for saving time in doing formalities or making documents, and for keeping secret on the part of the consigner and the consignee because only the consigner and the consignee know the goods while others not.
The major component parts of a simple transport shipping mark can be illustrated as follows:
1. code of the consignee: usually represented by geometric figures such as triangle, rhombus, or circular.
2. Code of the consigner: usually being English letters either in or out of the geometric figure.
3. Name of the destination.
4. Number of the commodity: sequence number or the total number of items inside.
|
IP卡
狗仔卡
收藏
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
楼主